Using Naturally-Occurring Antibodies to Treat Hiv/Aids to prevent diseases

Using Naturally-Occurring Antibodies to Treat Hiv/Aids to prevent diseases

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A recent report published in Nature describes promising findings of a study testing the safety, tolerability and antiviral efficacy of a broadly neutralizing antibody (nBAb) called 3BNC117. This is the first study to show, in human participants, that a broadly neutralizing antibody significantly reduces viral loads and decreases viral rebound in people living with HIV -- giving hope for its eventual use in treatment and cure strategies.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are produced by the immune system of some people living with HIV. What's special about bNAbs is that they are able to prevent HIV from entering host CD4 cells -- and they're able to do this with many different strains of HIV. The bNAb 3BNC117 is able to neutralize 195 (out of 237 total) strains of HIV. It was isolated from an elite controller -- a person whose body spontaneously controls HIV infection without antiretroviral therapy.

The fact that the bNAb can neutralize so many strains of HIV is very important, according to lead researcher Johannes Scheid, MD, PhD, because one of the big problems with HIV is that it's so diversified.

In an open-label phase I study, 12 HIV-negative and 17 HIV-positive individuals received an intravenous dose of 3BNC117. Doses varied in concentration: Each participant received either a 1, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg-1 dose. Fifteen of the HIV-positive people in the study were not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART); two were taking ART but had detectable viral loads. Viral loads were measured during the study for up to 56 days post-dose.

Viral load decreases were dose-dependent, with people receiving the highest 10 or 30 mg/kg doses kg-1 getting the most benefit. Ten out of the 11 individuals receiving these doses had their viral loads drop by up to 2.5 log10. The authors explain that the one individual who did not benefit from the infusion was infected with a strain of HIV that was completely resistant to 3BNC117.
Scheid and his team expected an antiviral effect in this study because previous tests of bNAb in animals were successful. Even so, they were
"pleasantly surprised and very happy" about the effectiveness of 3BNC117.

— with Pozoi Doz and 18 others.

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