Drug candidate significantly reduces HIV reactivation rate in AIDS patients

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Drug candidate significantly reduces HIV reactivation rate in AIDS patients
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HIV-infected patients remain on antiretroviral therapy for life because the virus survives over the long-term in infected dormant cells. Interruption of current types of antiretroviral therapy results in a rebound of the virus and clinical progression to AIDS.
The study was published this week in the journal mBio.
Cortistatin A was isolated from a marine sponge, Corticium simplex, in 2006, and in 2008, TSRI chemist Phil Baran won the global race to synthesize the compound. A configuration of the compound, didehydro-Cortistatin A, was shown in earlier studies to target the protein Tat, which exponentially increases viral production.
The new study shows that didehydro-Cortistatin A inhibits replication in HIV-infected cells by significantly reducing levels of viral messenger RNA -- the blueprints for producing proteins and more infection.
"In latently infected primary T cells isolated from nine HIV-infected subjects being treated with antiretroviral drugs, didehydro-Cortistatin A reduced viral reactivation by an average of 92.3 percent," said Guillaume Mousseau, the first author of the study and a member of the Valente lab.
The results suggest an alternative to a widely studied strategy for latent HIV eradication known as "kick and kill," which tries to purge viral reservoirs by "kicking" them out of their latency with reversing agents and stopping new rounds of infection with an immunotherapy agent to boost the body's own immune system response while on antiretroviral treatment.
"In our proposed model, didehydro-Cortistatin A inhibits the viral transcriptional activator, Tat, far more completely, delaying or even halting viral replication, reactivation and replenishment of the latent viral reservoir," said Valente.
— with Nur Aini and 19 others.
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